Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: pituitary duplication is a rare congenital malformation. It has been mainly reported in the pediatric and neonatal population with few reported cases in the adult population. In this case we will be discussing the presentation of an adult female patient with pituitary stalk duplication and empty Sella causing hyponatremia.Case Presentation: A 46-year-old female presented with severe euvolemic hyponatremia. ...

Introduction: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), produced by the yolk sac and liver, is the most abundant serum protein in the human foetus. In adults, elevated AFP maybe associated with germ-cell or non-germ cell tumours, gastrointestinal tumours, active liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Our case illustrates diagnostic uncertainties due to persistently elevated AFP values in the absence of any obvious pathology. Case Presentatio...

Introduction: Ovarian dermoid cysts, also known as mature cystic teratomas, are a very rare cause of virilization. Virilization in such cases is usually secondary to Sertoli-Leydig tumours, Leydig cell hyperplasia or Sertoli cell tumour. In some cases, no clear explanation for hyperandrogenism is found. Surgical excision of dermoid cyst results in normalization of androgen levels and resolution of symptoms.Case Presentation:</str...

Introduction: Secondary hormonal deficiencies (SHD) are frequently observed in patients with pituitary adenomas. We previously reported that pituitary tumour clinical subtypes were associated with specific patterns of SHD, and nonfunctioning adenomas (NFAs) were more likely to present with multiple SHD. We extended our work to examine if the immunohistochemical staining patterns of NFAs impacted SHD.Methods: All clinically NFAs surgically removed between...

Background: Whilst bariatric surgery is cost effective in the management of severe or complex obesity, successful outcomes necessitate specialist multidisciplinary pre-operative and post-operative care. The report by the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD), Too Lean a Service? A review of the care of patients who underwent bariatric surgery (2012) made critical recommendations for the process of care.Aims: To as...

Background: Bariatric surgery is the most successful treatment for patients with severe and complex obesity.Aims: To assess clinical outcomes after bariatric surgery in a specialist centre.Setting: Specialist weight management service in a university teaching hospital.Methods: We performed an observational analysis of clinical outcomes for patients who underwent bariatric surgery during the period 31st</...

Hypertension or elevated arterial blood pressure (BP) is the most common cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The arterial BP is regulated by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), whereas dysfunctional RAAS may lead to development of hypertension and associated CVDs. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) secreted by parathyroid glands regulates RAAS by directly stimulating aldosterone synthesis in zona glomerulosa cells, which leads to development of hypertension. Conversely, R...

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2) is a disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. DM-2 is typically an outcome of combinations of hereditary elements of impaired insulin release and insulin resistance, and natural variables like obesity, overeating, absence of activity, aging and stress. A number of hormones, such as cortisol and growth (GH), have insulin-antagonistic effects. Cortisol is a predominan...

Diabetes mellitus type-II (DM-2) is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. DM-2 often leads to hypertension, a prolonged condition of elevated blood pressure (BP). Both hypertension and diabetes have a pathological role in causing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates arterial BP, any pathology in RAAS system may lead to hypertension and rel...

Background: Hypospadias in boys may be associated with a lack of androgen exposure during the masculinisation programming window. As testosterone has effects on the vasculature, we assessed whether boys with hypospadias show evidence of vascular dysfunction.Methods: Excess foreskin tissue was obtained from boys undergoing hypospadias repair (cases) or circumcision (controls) and small arteries dissected. Vascular contractility was assessed by wire myogra...